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Word Ladder

**Problem Statement:** Given the required input arguments, write an efficient algorithm to solve the **Word Ladder** problem. Implement the required logic as specified by standard definitions for this classic algorithmic challenge. **Hint / Expected Approach:** BFS word transformation + preprocessed wildcard buckets **Edge Cases to Consider:** - (1) No path exists - (2) beginWord equals endWord - (3) Very large word list

Examples

Example 1
Input: "hit", "cog", ["hot","dot","dog","lot","log","cog"]
Output: 5
Explanation: Classic
Example 2
Input: "hit", "cog", ["hot","dot","dog","lot","log"]
Output: 0
Explanation: endWord not in list
Example 3
Input: "a", "c", ["a","b","c"]
Output: 2
Explanation: Single char

Constraints

  • ▪2 <= vertices <= 1000
  • ▪0 <= edges <= 5000
  • ▪Avoid infinite cycles during depth traversal

Watch Out For Edge Cases

  • ▪No path exists
  • ▪beginWord equals endWord
  • ▪Very large word list
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